ESC 310- TREES

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ESC 310

TREES IN

OUR ENVIRONMENT

Laboratory

Starting in the second week of the term, Laboratories meet in the UW Washington Park Arboretum where the afternoon will be spent carefully observing individual tree species. The Arboretum exercises are as follows: lab groups meet at the Graham Visitor Center and exercises begin at 1:40 (sharp). We will visit and study each tree on the species list for a given week. BRING THE PERTINENT SPECIES LIST TO LAB WITH YOU. Our main emphasis is on tree identification, but we will also stress the ecology, adaptive strategies, and uses of each tree. Although instructors will lead the discussions, we are firm believers in discovery for oneself. Hence, you should be prepared to do much of the identification yourselves. Be sure to study from your textbooks the species on the list before you come to lab. Each week there will be a 5 point laboratory quiz in which you will be asked to identify 2-3 tree species and their characteristics. Since we conduct labs regardless of weather and often traverse water-logged sections of the Arboretum, wear field clothes and rain gear. As well as the species list, you should bring pencil and note paper (water-proof survey notebooks work well), 3" x 5" cards for quizzes, and Trees of North America (text). Labs usually last until 4:30-5:00 p.m.

DIRECTIONS TO THE ARBORETUM FROM UW: biking 10 min; walking 20 min, driving can be >20 min The UW campus is at the top of the map. Go south from campus on Montlake Blvd (green street in middle of the map). After you cross over 520, turn left on the first street (Washington Blvd). After the road turns to the right, take the first left turn, pass an entrance to 520, and take the next left turn. (You are now in the Arboretum.) Follow the road around a curve and take the next right turn and go up the hill to the main office. We will meet by the entrance to the office next to the parking lot. Good luck.

map to Arboretum-- follow the light blue line!

Laboratory Schedule

Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4	Week 5
Week 6	Week 7	Week 8	Week 9	Week 10

WEEK 1: LAB OBJECTIVE: Introduction to tree parts

MEET IN FRONT OF WINKENWERDER HALL

Identify traits of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms:

TRAIT	GYMNOSPERMS	ANGIOSPERMS
Leaves	Generally needle-like or scale-like	Generally broad, with a petiole, sometimes divided or lobed
Buds	Embryonic cones and vegetative shoots	Embryonic flowers and vegetative shoots
Shoots	Generally little difference between long and short shoots (except Larix and Cedrus)	Long shoots and short shoots
Reproductive structures	Generally male and female cones	Flowers and fruits
Tree form	Generally excurrent	Excurrent and deliquescent

Find examples of the following vocabulary words:

Twigs	bud, bud scales, lateral bud, terminal bud, leaf scar
Leaf attachment	alternate, opposite, fascicle, decussate
Leaf types	simple, palmately compound, pinnately compound
Leaf shapes	needle-like, ovate, scale-like, lanceolate
Leaf margins	entire, lobed
Reproductive structures	cones, flowers, fruits, seeds
Tree form	deliquescent, excurrent

Make basic observations on tree form and function

WEEK 2: SPECIES LIST NO. 1 (A)

OBJECTIVE: Learn tree names and characteristics
New Vocabulary: persistent, fascicle, blade, petiole, needle, linear, entire, notched, obtuse, glabrous, glaucous, sessile, cone, bud, bud scale, cruciform buds, lateral bud, terminal bud, leaf scar, shoot, node, excurrent

SPECIES		FAMILY
Scientific Name	Common Name	Scientific Name	Common Name
Pinus monticola	western white pine	Pinaceae	Pine
Pinus contorta	lodgepole pine	Pinaceae	Pine
Pinus coulteri	Coulter pine	Pinaceae	Pine
Pinus ponderosa	ponderosa pne	Pinaceae	Pine
Abies grandis	grand fir	Pinaceae	Pine
Abies procera	noble fir	Pinaceae	Pine
Abies amabilis	Pacific silver fir	Pinaceae	Pine
Abies lasiocarpa	subalpine fir	Pinaceae	Pine
Pseudotsuga menziesii	Douglas-fir	Pinaceae	Pine

WEEK 3: OBSERVATIONS AND HYPOTHESES & SPECIES LIST NO. 1 (B)

OBJECTIVE: Introduce Quarter Project; Learn 4 new species; 1st tree quiz

Before laboratory, read the description of the quarter project. Bring a copy of the description to the laboratory.

New Vocabulary: deciduous, clustered, acute, bract, petiolate, imbricate scales,

QUIZ

SPECIES		FAMILY
Scientific Name	Common Name	Scientific Name	Common Name
Cedrus deodara	Deodar cedar	Pinaceae	Pine
Larix occidentalis	western larch	Pinaceae	Pine
Tsuga heterophylla	western hemlock	Pinaceae	Pine
Tsuga mertensiana	mountain hemlock	Pinaceae	Pine

WEEK 4: SPECIES LIST NO. 2

OBJECTIVE: Study tree names and characteristics (tree quiz)

New Vocabulary: decussate, awl-saped, scale, acuminate, sterigmata, dioecious, simple, compound, palmately compound, pinnately compound, alternate, opposite, stipule, blade, leaflet, serrate, elliptical, oblanceolate, arcuate, pinnate, pubescent, glaucous, complete flower, inflorescence, panicle, head, cyme, anther, calyx, corolla, filament, ovary, ovule, perianth, petal, pistil, sepal, stamen, stigma, style, capsule, drupe, pome, lenticel, deliquescent

QUIZ

SPECIES		FAMILY
Scientific Name	Common Name	Scientific Name	Common Name
Picea engelmannii	Engelmann spruce	Pinaceae	Pine
Thuja plicata	western redcedar	Cupressaceae	Cypress
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana	Port Orford cedar	Cupressaceae	Cypress
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis	Alaska yellow-cedar	Cupressaceae	Cypress
Juniperus sp.	Juniper	Cupressaceae	Cypress
Cornus nuttallii	Pacific dogwood	Cornaceae	Dogwood
Cornus florida	flowering dogwood	Cornaceae	Dogwood
Cornus stolonifera	red osier dogwood	Cornaceae	Dogwood
Aesculus hippocastanum	horse chestnut	Hippocastanaceae	Horse chestnut
Sorbus aucuparia	European mountain ash	Rosaceae	Rose
Prunus emarginata	bitter cherry	Rosaceae	Rose

WEEK 5: SPECIES LIST NO. 3

OBJECTIVE: Study tree names and characteristics (tree quiz)

New Vocabulary: stipule, simple, lanceolate, ovate, revolute, monoecious, incomplete, imperfect, ament, catkin, lobed, palmate, raceme, samara,

QUIZ

SPECIES		FAMILY
Scientific Name	Common Name	Scientific Name	Common Name
Populus tremuloides	trembling aspen	Salicaceae	Willow
Populus trichocarpa	black cottonwood	Salicaceae	Willow
Populus nigra var. italica	Lombardy poplar	Salicaceae	Willow
Salix scouleriana	Scouler willow	Salicaceae	Willow
Salix babylonica	weeping willow	Salicaceae	Willow
Acer saccharum	sugar maple	Aceraceae	Maple
Acer circinatum	vine maple	Aceraceae	Maple
Acer macrophyllum	bigleaf maple	Aceraceae	Maple
Robinia pseudoacacia	Black locust	Fabaceae	Pea
Cytisus scoparius*	Scotch broom	Fabaceae	Pea
Sequoia sempervirens	coast redwood	Taxodiaceae	Redwood
Sequoidendron giganteum	giant sequoia	Taxodiaceae	Redwood

*exotic invasive species

WEEK 6:

JAPANESE GARDEN

WASHINGTON PARK ARBORETUM

WEEK 7: SPECIES LIST NO. 4

OBJECTIVE: Study tree names and characteristics (tree quiz)

New Vocabulary: truncate, complete, perfect, head, berry

QUIZ

SPECIES		FAMILY
Scientific Name	Common Name	Scientific Name	Common Name
Magnolia grandiflora	evergreen magnolia	Magnoliaceae	Magnolia
Liriodendron tulipifera	yellow poplar, tulip tree	Magnoliaceae	Magnolia
Betula papyrifera	paper birch	Betulaceae	Birch
Betula pendula	European birch	Betulaceae	Birch
Alnus rubra	red alder	Betulaceae	Birch
Corylus cornuta var californica	beaked hazelnut	Betulaceae	Birch
Umbellularia californica	California laurel	Lauraceae	Laurel
Sassafras albidum	Sassafras	Lauraceae	Laurel
Arbutus menziesii	Pacific madrone	Ericaceae	Heath
Gaultheria shallon	salal	Ericaceae	Heath
Vaccinium parviflora	red huckleberry	Ericaceae	Heath
Platanus x acerifolia	London planetree	Platanaceae	Sycamore

WEEK 8: SPECIES LIST NO. 5

MEET AT THE CENTER FOR URBAN HORTICULTURE

OBJECTIVE: Study shrub names and characteristics

New Vocabulary: leaflet, pinately compound, palmately compound, panicle, achene, legume,

QUIZ

SPECIES		FAMILY
Scientific Name	Common Name	Scientific Name	Common Name
Amelanchier alnifolia	serviceberry	Rosaceae	Rose
Holodiscus discolor	ocean spray	Rosaceae	Rose
Oemleria cerasiformis	Indian plum	Rosaceae	Rose
Rosa sp.	rose	Rosaceae	Rose
Rubus discolor*	Himalayan blackberry	Rosaceae	Rose
Rubus spectabilis	salmon berry	Rosaceae	Rose
Rubus parviflorus	thimble berry	Rosaceae	Rose
Spirea douglasii	hardhack	Rosaceae	Rose
Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolium	tall Oregon grape	Berberidaceae	Barberry
Symphoricarpos albus	common snowberry	Caprifoliaceae	Honeysuckle
Buddliea davidii*	butterfly bush	Scrophulariaceae	Figwort (Snapdragon)
Hedera sp.*	English ivy	Araliaceae	Ginseng

*exotic invasive species

WEEK 9: SPECIES LIST NO. 6

OBJECTIVE: Study tree names and characteristics (tree quiz)

New Vocabulary: cordate, involucre

QUIZ

SPECIES		FAMILY
Scientific Name	Common Name	Scientific Name	Common Name
Juglans nigra	black walnut	Juglandaceae	Walnut
Carya ovata	shagbark hickory	Juglandaceae	Walnut
Castanea dentata	American chestnut	Fagaceae	Beech
Fagus grandifolia	American beech	Fagaceae	Beech
Quercus garryana	Oregon white oak	Fagaceae	Beech
Quercus rubra	northern red oak	Fagaceae	Beech
Quercus palustris	pin oak	Fagaceae	Beech
Quercus chrysolepis	canyon live oak	Fagaceae	Beech
Fraxinus latifolia	Oregon ash	Oleaceae	Olive
Ulmus americana	American elm	Ulmaceae	Elm
Tilia spp.	linden, basswood	Tiliaceae	Basswood

WEEK 10:

FINAL LAB EXAM: UW CAMPUS

Practice for the lab final using the Brockman Memorial Tree Tour (guide to trees on UW campus)

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Contact Linda Brubaker at: lbru@u.washington.edu

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